Part 1 (5 pts) Choose one of the established HSR frameworks…

Part 1 (5 pts) Choose one of the established HSR frameworks (listed below) and describe its main components (at least 3 main components). *Be succinct, your answer should be 200-300 words.    Andersen Behavioral Model Donadedian’s Quality of Care Framework   Part 2  (5 pts).  Based on your selection, provide an example of the framework application including how each component is defined and used (or tested). This can be from any of your readings (research/policy intervention you have known) or any application of your approach to real-world issues.   

Read the abstract provided below and determine the type of r…

Read the abstract provided below and determine the type of review: Abstract Issue: The Affordable Care Act’s (ACA’s) health insurance marketplaces provide a critical source of coverage and financial assistance. States operating their own marketplaces cover a significant number of consumers without access to employment-based health insurance or public programs. Federal actions under the Trump administration have undermined the marketplaces, but the new administration has opportunities to implement and advocate for policies that strengthen state-based marketplaces (SBMs) to ensure they continue to serve as a coverage safety net. Goal: Identify federal policies to support SBMs and the consumers they serve. Methods: Structured interviews with directors and officials from 17 SBMs and analysis of recent federal policies impacting SBMs. Key Findings and Conclusions: The Trump administration has hindered SBMs by establishing onerous requirements and creating consumer confusion. Affordability remains a primary barrier to marketplace coverage, and federal initiatives could help reduce premiums and cost sharing. SBMs are an important resource for people who do not have access to affordable insurance through their jobs, but federal policy changes are needed to clear an easier pathway to coverage. In addition, the federal government should reinvest in advertising and outreach for the federally facilitated marketplace.

Using PICOT framework, analyze the abstract provided below a…

Using PICOT framework, analyze the abstract provided below and formulate the research question.  *Note: ‘T’ is optional; but ‘PICO’ parts are necessary.    **This is an example of an answer for this type of question: Population: Bariatric adolescents considering or undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Intervention: The nurse’s role as a primary member of the multidisciplinary team regarding perioperative care of the bariatric adolescent patient. Comparison: The nurse’s role as a secondary member of the multidisciplinary team without any specialized training and is only involved in perioperative care of the bariatric adolescent patient. Outcome: When the nurse is involved as one of the primary members in the multidisciplinary team approach, the bariatric adolescent patient has better continuity of care. Time: perioperative including the 6 weeks post-recovery. PICOT Question: Does the bariatric adolescent patient undergoing gastric bypass have better continuity of care perioperatively and postoperatively when the nurse is a primary member of the multidisciplinary team versus when the nurse is a secondary member whose only role is in providing perioperative care during 6 weeks post-recovery?   ——————————————————– AbstractImportance:  State decisions not to expand Medicaid under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act could reduce emergency access to acute care hospitals. Objective:  To determine the relationship between state Medicaid expansion and emergency access to acute care hospitals in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants:  This cross-sectional study linked hospital-level data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services from 2007 to 2017 to US Census data for all 50 US states and the District of Columbia. Geospatial analyses and difference-in-differences regression models were used to compare temporal changes in the size of the population without 30-minute access to acute care hospitals between 32 states that expanded Medicaid with the population without access in 19 that did not, before and after expansion. Analyses focused on the total population and those with low incomes; secondary analyses examined emergency access to safety-net hospitals. Exposures:  State-level Medicaid expansion. Main Outcomes and Measures:  Population without emergency access to an acute care hospital, defined as living outside a 30-minute drive of any hospital. Results:  States that did not expand Medicaid experienced an increase in the population without access to hospitals overall (without expansion: 6.76% to 6.79% ; vs with expansion: 5.65% to 5.35% ; difference-in-differences, 0.33%; 95% CI, 0.33%-0.34%; P 

Table 1 shows the cost per QALY figures for a number of inte…

Table 1 shows the cost per QALY figures for a number of interventions. Imagine that you must decide how many of these interventions to introduce in a health authority. The Interventions listed are independent, which means that more than one can be implemented.  *Note: This is for illustrative purposes only, the figures presented are not valid and reliable.     Table 1. Cost and cost per QALY gained for a set of independent interventions. Interventions Cost per QALY gained (USD $) Number of individuals who would receive the intervention  Intervention cost per person per annum (USD $) Hip replacement 1,677 94 30,000 Kidney transplant 6,706 612 78,000 Haemodialysis at home 24,590 105 35,000 Breast cancer screening 7,397 2,890 300 Beta-interferon 809,900 5 20,200 Smoking cessation 890 1,100 240 Social media campaign for physical activity 81,537 5,000 11   Suppose that your health authority has an annual budget constraint of $52 million. Which interventions would you introduce? (Multiple answers; select all that apply) *Hint: Work out the annual cost of implementing each intervention and rank the interventions from lowest to highest QALY per gained.