A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes, and includes their length, banding pattern, and centromere position

The life cycle of an organism is the sequence of events in the development of said organism and the production of its gametes and, ultimately, its offspring

Epistasis is an antagonistic interaction between genes such that one gene masks or interferes with the expression of another

Sexual dimorphism refers phenotypic differences between a population’s males and females (i.e., you can distinguish males from females within a species)

Nonrandom mating produces changes in a population’s gene pool due to mate choice or other forces that cause individuals to mate with certain phenotypes more than others

The observable traits expressed by an organism are referred to as its phenotype

The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance was a body of scientific work that identified chromosomes as the genetic material responsible for inheritance of traits

Postzygotic barriers are reproductive isolation mechanisms that occur after zygote formation

Plant cells have a plasma membrane

A gametic barrier is a type of prezygotic barrier that occurs when closely related individuals of different species mate, but differences in their gametes prevent fertilization from taking place