In multi-tasking single core OS, it performs mutiple tasks at the same time.

The nurse explains to a patient that the primary cause of a varicose vein is:

A study investigates the relationship between alcohol consumption and liver disease. Out of 1,200 participants, 300 are heavy drinkers, and 900 are not. Among the heavy drinkers, 120 develop liver disease, while 60 of the non-drinkers develop liver disease. Calculate the risk difference (RD) for liver disease between heavy drinkers and non-drinkers.

Which of the following is a limitation of cross-sectional studies?

Which analysis method is preferred in the presence of participant dropouts in a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?

What is the primary benefit of using the crossover design in a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?

In a cross-sectional study, 1,000 individuals are randomly sampled. The sample proportion with diabetes is found to be 0.08. If the true population proportion is 0.10, what is the sampling error?

What is one major advantage of a cohort study over a case-control study?

A crossover trial tests a drug for managing chronic pain. The trial included 100 participants, with half assigned to receive the drug first and the other half receiving a placebo. If the mean pain score reduction in the drug group is 3.5 and in the placebo group is 1.5, calculate the mean difference in pain reduction between the two groups.

What is the key difference between association and causality when considering confounders?