The spinal ligament that limits excessive trunk flexion and runs posteriorly along the vertebral bodies inside the vertebral foramen is called the:

Which ligament avoids posterior displacement of dens within C1:

The muscle that originates on the spinous processes of T3 through T6 and inserts on the transverse processes of C1 through C3 is the:

The trunk muscle whose function is necessary when coughing, sneezing, laughing, and “bearing” down during childbirth is:

The most common site for disk herniation is at:

Which of the following is the BEST position to achieve eccentric strengthening of the trunk extensors?

The erector spinae consists of 3 bundles of muscles.  From medial to lateral, the order of these bundles are:

All of the following muscles, when contracted unilaterally, will produce lateral bend of the spine EXCEPT: 

The quadratus lumborum is a prime mover in which of the following trunk motions? 

The nurse is caring for the client who is withdrawing from opiates. The nurse would expect to observe which of following manifestations? Select all that apply.