The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by Chemiosmosis photophosphorylation electron transport. substrate-level phosphorylation.

42. Patients with McArdle’s Disease lack an enzyme in their livers that catabolizes glycogen. Compared to an unaffected individual, what would you predict about the blood glucose levels of a patient with McArdle’s disease?A) Blood glucose levels would be lower because they cannot break down glycogen. B) Blood glucose levels would be lower because they cannot make glycogen. C) Blood glucose levels would be higher because they cannot make glycogen. D) Blood glucose levels would be normal, because glycogen is made up of amino acids. E) Blood glucose levels would be higher because they cannot break down glycogen.

37. What process(es) is/are required for phospholipids to flip-flop across the lipid bilayer?A) The process requires an enzyme called flippase. B) The process occurs spontaneously, requiring no energy. C) The process occurs spontaneously and requires the flippase enzyme. D) The process requires energy. E) The process requires energy and the flippase enzyme. 

43. Altering the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme might A) prevent the enzyme from adding energy to a reaction. B) change the type of product that binds the enzyme’s active site. C) prevent the substrate from binding the enzyme’s active site.D) change the amount of energy needed for a reaction. E) change the type of product produced in the reaction.

Starch is used to store energy and cellulose is a structural polysaccharide. The key differences that explain these functions are cellulose with high branching aids strong structures, and starch with low branching makes for easy energy release. beta 1-4 and alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkage of starch can create branches, and alpha 1-4 linkages in cellulose creates strength. the unbranched structure of starch makes it easy to process for energy, and the branched structure in cellulose creates strong bonds. alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkage in starch creates branching, and beta 1-4 linkages in cellulose creates unbranched structures.

What feature of genetic mutations can eventually lead to the evolution of new species? Mutations never affect protein structure or function. Mutations produce changes in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations always produce harmful effects. Mutations are not a mechanism through which biological evolution occurs. Mutations always produce beneficial effects.

31. The charge on amino acids in the active site of an enzyme would be affected by A) pH. B) substrate concentration. C) antibiotics. D) temperature.

Convert the following numbers from binary to decimal, assuming 6-bit two’s complement binary representation: a) 101011 b) 011101 c) 111111

Using De Morgan’s Laws, NOT the following conditions.  Your answer should contain no spaces.  Here is an example: q < 1 || q == 5 will result in the following if NOTed: q>=1&&q!=5 (a) 9 == x || y 1 && z >= 5     is

Convert the following decimal values into packed Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) encodings.  Your answer should have a space between each 4-bit sequence.  For example, 0101 0001. a) 201 b) 647