James Lind published his results in a long, plodding, book called A Treatise on Scurvy six years after his experiment. What recommendation did he make in the book that undermined the credibility of his discovery?

What geologic event ~30 million years ago caused the Southern Ocean to become so cold?

Bleeders often used a spring-loaded lancet called a __________ to open a vein.

What can we infer about evolution from the icefish? Mark all that apply.

Deschenes Questions: 42-45 A prokaryotic mRNA transcribed from the E. coli araB gene has the sequence: 5’- UUUGGAUGGAGUGAAACGAUGGCGAUUGCA-3’ Two potential initiator AUG sequences are indicated in bold font.  How does the incoming ribosome and initiator tRNA-MET know where to start translating (1 pts)?

Johan Rund learned from Whalers that there were fish in Antarctica that had clear blood. Rund asked them to bring him a specimen. They did not. He was skeptical and thought it was just a tall tail. What changed his mind?

ATTEMPT ANY TWO (If you answer all three, Dr. Davé will review them all and select the best two for a maximum of 6 points.) a.) The clamp loader becomes dysfunctional due to a mutation. Explain (in mechanistic terms) what step of DNA replication will be affected, and why? (3 pts) OR b.) Explain at least three functions of the Linker Histone H1. (3 pts) OR c.) Explain the mechanism by which DNA-Topoisomerase I relaxes overwound DNA. (3 pts)

ATTEMPT ANY TWO (If you answer all three, Dr. Davé will review them all and select the best two for a maximum of 6 points.) a.) Explain (with names) four disease syndromes with chromosomal abnormalities (3 pts) OR b.) Give three features of Z-DNA and compare/contrast it with features of regular B-DNA (3 pts) OR c.) Draw a representative chromosome structure and identify the various cytogenetic features. (3 pts)

What are the characteristics of RNA (2 pts)

ATTEMPT ANY TWO (If you answer all three, Dr. Davé will review them all and select the best two for a maximum of 6 points.) a.) Describe the mechanism by which a Silencer functions to inhibit gene transcription. (3 pts) OR b.) Explain the steps by which a Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC) forms at the TATA-box. (3 pts) OR c.) Explain how Mot1 causes direct repression of transcription (3 pts)