In the first half of the 1900’s the Bohr model was abandoned in favor of the quantum mechanical (wave) model of the atom. The next two questions test your understanding of the quantum mechanical model of the atom.

  In the picture, a sound wave moves from the top of the page towards the bottom and passes through a small hole in a barrier (point 2 on the diagram).  The light areas represent regions of low pressure, and the dark areas represent high pressure.  The following questions ask you to use your understanding of wave behavior to explain what is happening at certain points.    Image Description horizontal evenly spaced bands of dark and light that extend from the top to a barrier with a hole. The distance between two adjacent white bands is labeled 1, the hole is labeled 2. In the next three questions, use your understanding of wave behavior to explain what is happening at certain points.

When a single electron is sent through the slits, which of these images best depicts what is observed?

When a very large number of electrons are sent through the slits, which of these statements best depicts what is observed?

The air in the tires is a mix of oxygen and nitrogen, 20% oxygen molecules and 80% nitrogen molecules. Oxygen has more mass than nitrogen. At any given temperature, how does the behavior of the two types of molecules compare?

The light observed in such a spectrum is emitted when an electron in an atom

I – Survey (Assessing breadth and sequencing)    Cite the significant works from the 2nd half of the 20th century until our own time, considering all forms and genres from a cappella miniatures to large works for chorus and orchestra.  Attempt to survey important styles, trends, schools, innovations, traditions and important composers warranting recognition.  Each citation should be given enough information to qualify its selection.  (Do not list all the choral works of each composer.)  Give attention to living composers, noting the works that represent important contributions to the choral arts.      II – Compare (Assessing detail and awareness of the works’ significance)    Write extended essays on each of the following three topics, citing specific musical examples to illustrate your topics.  Give attention to each topic in the broadest aspects, surveying the panorama of output and diversity of styles if applicable.  Be specific in the musical works that you select by identifying salient characteristics of compositional procedures and features that are unique and of value for each work.      Motet settings from the late 14th century into the early 17th century.   Secular music of the Renaissance and early Baroque periods.     Mass settings of the 18th and 19th nineteenth centuries.  Please do not include the requiem mass.        III – Philosophy and Society (Assessing comprehensive and analytical skills)    Choose three major works, one work from the following list of four composers: Brahms, Britten, Stravinsky, and Adams.  Compare the three works, citing composers’ treatment and source of texts, instruments, forms, compositional procedures, innovative features, and unique qualities.  Consider how these composers and compositions reflect innovation and include supporting examples.          IV – Short Answer (Assessing breadth and significant terms, trends, and artists)    In a paragraph for each topic, discuss each of the following:  Haydn, Creation (1798)  Parody Mass  Handel’s English Oratorios Selva Morale e Spirituale (SWV 252-288)  R. Nathaniel Dett, The Ordering of Moses  The Florentine Camerata  Charpentier, Messe du Minuit, H. 9, Noëls  Cecilian Movement  Methods of teaching harmony in a choral rehearsal  Methods of teaching rhythm in a choral rehearsal  

  Dehydration is a worldwide problem. Even in the U.S., it has been suggested that nearly ¾ of the population live in a chronically dehydrated condition while being totally unaware of the problem. The effects of dehydration include a slowing down of the metabolism, increased fatigue, joint and back pain, loss of memory, as well as loss of mental focus. Imbibing 8 to 10 glasses of water daily, on the other hand, can mitigate joint pain, improve memory, and relieve some headaches. Drinking a glass of water when hunger pangs occur can even aid in dieting by silencing hunger pangs and speeding up metabolism. Researchers have discovered that taking in 5 or more glasses of water daily cuts the risk of colon cancer by almost 50% and the risk of breast cancer by about 80%.             Coke, on the other hand, is the preferred drink of millions of Americans. They are largely ignorant of the characteristics of this common beverage. Few, for instance, know that steak placed in a container of Coke will be dissolved in two days or less. Coke has been used to clean corrosion off the terminals of car batteries, to remove rust from chrome auto parts, and to remove grease from dirty clothing. Additionally, the citric acid in Coke makes it an ideal toilet bowl cleaner. Phosphoric acid in Coke is able to dissolve nails. In fact, those who consume the most Coke are at significantly greater chance of developing osteoporosis, a bone-wasting disease that makes bones brittle and easy to break. As used in the 5th line of the passage, mitigate means

  Dehydration is a worldwide problem. Even in the U.S., it has been suggested that nearly ¾ of the population live in a chronically dehydrated condition while being totally unaware of the problem. The effects of dehydration include a slowing down of the metabolism, increased fatigue, joint and back pain, loss of memory, as well as loss of mental focus. Imbibing 8 to 10 glasses of water daily, on the other hand, can mitigate joint pain, improve memory, and relieve some headaches. Drinking a glass of water when hunger pangs occur can even aid in dieting by silencing hunger pangs and speeding up metabolism. Researchers have discovered that taking in 5 or more glasses of water daily cuts the risk of colon cancer by almost 50% and the risk of breast cancer by about 80%.             Coke, on the other hand, is the preferred drink of millions of Americans. They are largely ignorant of the characteristics of this common beverage. Few, for instance, know that steak placed in a container of Coke will be dissolved in two days or less. Coke has been used to clean corrosion off the terminals of car batteries, to remove rust from chrome auto parts, and to remove grease from dirty clothing. Additionally, the citric acid in Coke makes it an ideal toilet bowl cleaner. Phosphoric acid in Coke is able to dissolve nails. In fact, those who consume the most Coke are at significantly greater chance of developing osteoporosis, a bone-wasting disease that makes bones brittle and easy to break. “Phosphoric acid in Coke is able to dissolve nails.“  The above statement is a statement of

  Dehydration is a worldwide problem. Even in the U.S., it has been suggested that nearly ¾ of the population live in a chronically dehydrated condition while being totally unaware of the problem. The effects of dehydration include a slowing down of the metabolism, increased fatigue, joint and back pain, loss of memory, as well as loss of mental focus. Imbibing 8 to 10 glasses of water daily, on the other hand, can mitigate joint pain, improve memory, and relieve some headaches. Drinking a glass of water when hunger pangs occur can even aid in dieting by silencing hunger pangs and speeding up metabolism. Researchers have discovered that taking in 5 or more glasses of water daily cuts the risk of colon cancer by almost 50% and the risk of breast cancer by about 80%.             Coke, on the other hand, is the preferred drink of millions of Americans. They are largely ignorant of the characteristics of this common beverage. Few, for instance, know that steak placed in a container of Coke will be dissolved in two days or less. Coke has been used to clean corrosion off the terminals of car batteries, to remove rust from chrome auto parts, and to remove grease from dirty clothing. Additionally, the citric acid in Coke makes it an ideal toilet bowl cleaner. Phosphoric acid in Coke is able to dissolve nails. In fact, those who consume the most Coke are at significantly greater chance of developing osteoporosis, a bone-wasting disease that makes bones brittle and easy to break. Based on the passage, drinking water