According to the “labeled-line” model, the perception of a stimulus is determined by the sensory ________ being activated.

In photoreceptor cells, the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel is _________ when “in the dark”.

Gonadotropin-release hormone (GnRH) causes secretion of:

The “fight or flight” response results from activation of the ____________ nervous system.

In the inner hair cells of the spiral organ (of Corti), bending of stereocilia causes influx of K+ ions.

Sympathetic activity causes pupillary ________.

_______ is a sleep disorder characterized by sudden REM sleep during normal periods of wakefulness.

The _________ level of sensory integration occurs in the primary somatosensory cortex.

______ are more abundant in the portion of the retina that contributes to central vision.

Emotional experiences are mediated by _______.