Marine iguanas on the Galapagos Islands probably descended from a few strays that migrated from the South American mainland. This is an example of (the) ___________ ___________.

Evolution is genetic change in a(n) ___________ that occurs over time.

In Wiesner’s original quantum money scheme, the bank can guarantee security with high probability even if it returns bills after checking them.

If the state is entangled, write the word entangled.If the state is separable, give the factorization or a decomposition that proves it.   

In the Elitzur-Vaidman bomb experiment, the probability of setting off the bomb (using quantum probes) can be made arbitrarily small, but not zero.

Wiesner’s quantum money scheme relies on the fact that factoring is hard for classical computers.

Let A, B, and C be distinct qubits.  If A and B are in a Bell pair, then B and C can also be in a Bell pair.

No quantum-mechanical procedure maps both

To align the bands of skeletal muscles, where do thin filaments anchor?  

Please identify A.