How do hydrophobic hormones typically exert their effects on target cells? 

A patient with CKD progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).  What are the primary treatment options for ESRD? 

Blood flows from branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein at the periphery of the lobule through the sinusoids to the: 

A patient with portal hypertension is being treated to reduce hepatic vascular resistance. Which of the following mechanisms is targeted by this treatment?

During a meal, which hormone is likely to be released to coordinate activity in the proximal segments of the GI tract? 

How does decreased estrogen affect bone metabolism? 

A patient with peptic ulcer disease is prescribed a medication that inhibits histamine receptors on parietal cells. Which of the following effects is expected? 

A patient with refractory hypertension is diagnosed with a pheochromocytoma. What is the underlying cause of hypertension in this condition?

A patient is prescribed a hydrophobic hormone for treatment.  How does this hormone typically function within the body?

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be: