_______ cracks near the ends of the beam are due to combined shear and flexure.

Flexural tension cracking will occur when the stress in the extreme tension fiber equals the modulus of rupture.

Shear stresses will exist in those parts of a beam where the moment is constant from section to section.

Inclined stirrups are effective in beams resisting shear reversals, such as seismic loads.

Assuming Vs exceeds 4sqrt(f’c)bwd, the maximum spacing for vertical stirrups in the following beam is _____. Let b1 = 30 in., b2 = 15 in., d1 = 4 in., and d2 = 45 in. There are three No. 6 longitudinal tension bars and No. 3 stirrups at 12 in. o.c.

A 123-mm-long beam supports a load of P = 40 N at midspan. The cross section is rectangular with width b = 29 mm and height h = 60 mm. Determine the magnitude of the horizontal shear stress at the centroid of the cross section.

A continuous beam’s flexural reinforcement must extend at least _____ from the point where it is no longer needed to resist tension. Assume f’c = 4,000 psi, fyt = 40,000 psi, b1 = 29 in., b2 = 14 in., d1 = 4 in., d2 = 15 in., and that there are three No. 9 longitudinal tension bars and No. 3 stirrups at 11 in. o.c. The stirrup hooks are 90°.

A continuous beam’s flexural reinforcement must extend at least _____ from the point where it is no longer needed to resist tension. Assume f’c = 4,000 psi, fyt = 40,000 psi, b = 13 in., d = 17 in., and that there are four No. 7 longitudinal tension bars and No. 3 stirrups at 7 in. o.c. The stirrup hooks are 135°.

A simply-supported beam has a 2 kip/ft uniformly-distributed load over the entire 12-ft span. What is the magnitude of the maximum shear force in the beam?

The strength-reduction factor, φ, for shear and torsion is 0.90.