The direct-to-consumer genetic testing company 23andMe was recently hacked compromising all 14 million user’s data, including names, addresses, genetic heritage information and detailed health reports. 

Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a mutation in the gene that encodes the hemoglobin protein. Homozygous mutations in this gene lead to the production of mutant hemoglobin protein. When only mutant hemoglobin protein is produced, red blood cells (RBCs) adopt an abnormal sickle shape and their function is impaired. On December 8, 2023 the FDA approved Casgevy to treat sickle cell anemia. Casgevy is the first medical use of the CRISPR-Cas gene-editing system. Casgevy uses CRISPR-Cas9 technology to cut a gene in the genome. What gene is targeted by the Cas9 used in Casgevy?

Consider the karyotype below: This karyotype shows chromosomes from a . The arrow is pointing to . The karyotype shows that this individual  

In dairy cattle, milk yield and compositions are the most important economical traits. These traits are controlled by genes such as GHR (Growth Hormone Receptor). Your prized cattle, Moostache, has greatly increased milk production, and her genome reveals the variant of GHR that has been associated with increased milk production. A lab collects mammary cells from your prized cattle, Moostache, and uses somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone Moostache. The resulting blastocyst is placed into a surrogate mother to complete develpment and after several months the clone Mini Moostache is born. What type of cloning is this an example of?

The rare tortoiseshell kitten that was discovered at an animal shelter was XY (had one X and one Y chromosome).

Is there any way for a biological female with type A blood and a biological male with type B blood to have: a child with type O blood? a child type type A blood? a child with type B blood? a child with type AB blood?

When a direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies performs Late-Onset Alzheimer’s genetic testing they perform , to determine your for Alzheimer’s. However, studies have found that testing companies use different tests and calculations to determine your results, and can produce false positives. Accurate and reliable test results are important and are described as , while whether these results are of significance in the disease is referred to as . 

Most men with an extra X chromosome (XXY) are diagnosed at birth because they have ambiguous external genitalia.

The World Anti-Doping Agency currently bans gene doping.

Iceland is a genetic goldmine because the population is very large and diverse, therefore providing a lot of diversity in genomic data.