Which of the following properties is likely to be found in a pioneer colonizer of a biofilm on an artificial joint implant?

Which of the following is/are type(s) of cytopathic effects?  

Choose the method used to sterilize an inoculation loop used in lab for culturing bacteria.  

A naked virus has a/an  ______.

Viruses perform conjugation to transfer their genes.

A barophile would grow best in _________.

In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell’s _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell’s _____.  

Desiccation is a form of physical control of microorganisms that can be used in moist or dry forms.

The alcohol wipe used on a patient’s skin before an injection is an example of  

Nonionizing radiation exhibits good penetrating power and can be used for cold sterilization.