The Handy Contracting Co. operates with a definite hierarchy. Within that, the contractors are at the top. During their weekly scheduling meetings, the contractors often complain about employee ability and motivation. They collectively believe that unless they are on the job site and closely monitoring the employees, that they will be slow and nothing will get done. What type of management style is reflected in this thinking?

Eden works in a shop specializing in wine and cheese imported from France.  The owners have asked everyone to say, “Bonjour!” to all customers entering. This feels fake to Eden and she chooses to exert her _____________ and just say, “Hello! How many I help you?”

Luke is working really hard taking a full course load and is working part-time and serving on the executive committee of his fraternity. On Thursday, Luke really needs to be studying for a final, but there is a fraternity meeting where he will be asked to vote on an important issue. His work just called and asked if he could pick up a shift that night. Luke is experiencing a lot of _____ conflict in this situation. 

The marketing department works with the communications department to develop a new campaign. Both departments need the merchandising department to provide samples to photograph for the campaign. This type of __________ is key to keeping the organization running. 

Carlos is a tailor with a suit store. A customer comes in with a need for a dark suit for a family funeral. Carlos can’t relate, but tries to empathize with the customer as he takes the measurements for the suit. He knows this is a hard day for the customer and wants to help him in any way he is able. Carlos is ___ acting. 

 “Acting your wage” is a recent trend discussed online with organizational employees. This phrase means to put in the amount of effort equivalent to the pay received. Although this seems new, it is not. Social Exchange Theory would call this the comparison level. 

A group of directors were asked to come up with a company-wide emergency plan. The directors worked together and reported their recommendations to the Chief Operating Officer (COO). The directors were using ______________ communication to come up with the plan and __________________ communication to report to the COO. 

Weber’s theory encouraged favoritism and especially nepotism, or hiring of family members over other qualified workers. 

A group of artisans make handmade pottery in an assembly line style. Each person has his or her own portion that they have mastered. One forms, one glazes, and another fires each piece. They are not trained to do one another’s jobs and each piece comes out slightly different. Although they function similarly to a machine, what is the only part of the machine metaphor represented here?

Deep structures are those concepts that are deeply ingrained as a part of a culture.