When an investigator sets a level of significance (α), they are setting a standard that will determine:

A researcher plans a study to examine the effects of an exercise intervention on resting heart rate. He randomly assigns subjects to receive either an intervention with a personal trainer, an intervention in a group aerobics class, or no exercise intervention. After 6 months, he measures subjects’ resting heart rates and wants to compare the means heart rates of the three groups. What type of statistical test would be most appropriate to analyze the data?

A researcher studied how much time parents spent playing with their children with disabilities. The dependent variable was amount of time playing. The independent variables were disability status of the child (no disability, physical disability, or mental disability) and the gender of the parent (male or female). After collecting data, the researcher ran a Two-Way ANOVA. Using the standard 0.05 level of significance, according to the following SPSS output, what effect would you want to investigate further using a post hoc analysis?  

An investigator is studying the effect of a new growth hormone injection on height of boys with short stature. He has the boys come into the clinic every 6 months to have their height measured precisely on a calibrated stadiometer. Height is an example of what type of variable?

A researcher used a t-test for independent samples to compare the difference in social extroversion between women who had children and women who had no children. Based on the following SPSS output, what does the circled p value (p=0.287) tell you?

An investigator’s research hypothesis is: There will be a difference in work satisfaction between nurses who have a fixed schedule and nurses who have a rotating shift schedule. Using the standard level of significance (0.05), which conclusion would you make from the following SPSS output?

Which measure of central tendency can be reported with all levels of data (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio)?

There is a difference in satisfaction with care between patients who receive care from an advance practice nurse and those who receive care from a physician. This statement is an example of a:

The following table was reported to describe the sample in a study examining the relationship between coffee and tea consumption and mortality (Gardener, Rundek, Wright, Elkind, Sacc, 2013). Based on the information provided in the table, the “Race/ethnicity” data were collected at which level of measurement?

An investigator enrolls men who were college athletes and are now 40-59 years old into a study to examine the effectiveness in vitamins intended to decrease muscle loss. The men will be divided into three groups – Group 1 will take Vitamin A, Group 2 will take Vitamin B, and Group 3 will not take any vitamins. What is the independent variable?