The state of North Carolina established a website where governmental departments could invite bids from participating suppliers for supplying goods and services. This is an example of e-procurement.

Market leaders are more likely to engage in comparative advertising than new entrants.

Sales promotion provides a long-term incentive to emphasize, assist, supplement, or otherwise support the objectives of the promotional program.

Prior to the 1930s, most of the marketing research involved gathering written testimonials from purchasers of firms’ products.

Marketers can use grassroots marketing approach to develop long-lasting, individual relationships with loyal customers.

The size and organizational form of the marketing research function is usually independent of the structure of the company.

Companies use knowledge obtained from databases to track customer buying patterns and to customize offerings and sales promotions.

Buyers rarely play any role in the creation and distribution of services.

Convenience samples are mostly used in definitive studies.

Jack does not buy his shoes from any company other than Unparalleled, a leading shoe manufacturer, because of the comfort they offer and their unique style features. Jack is in the brand insistence stage of brand loyalty.