Regarding the cellular roles of hydrogen ion (H+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) transport in the collecting duct, which of the following is the best answer?

86. Which set of drug categories are most commonly associated with acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis?

A child presents with a palpable abdominal mass. A nephrectomy is performed. elevated. A representative light microscopic image is shown. Assuming this solid mass involves the kidney and is neoplastic, what is the most likely diagnosis? 

A 56-year-old man comes to the emergency department with a 4-day history of colicky right flank pain that radiates to the groin and hematuria. Ultrasound examination of the kidneys shows right-sided hydronephrosis and a dilated ureter. Which of the following is most likely to be found on urinalysis?

A 54 year old man suffers an acute myocardial infarction and is admitted to the hospital. He has severe hypotension and requires pressors (IV catecholamines) to support his blood pressure. Two days later the following labs are obtained as his urine output has declined. What is the most likely cause of the patient’s elevation in serum creatinine level given the information provided? 

An elderly woman patient is post-op from having a subdural hematoma surgically evaluated. On post-op day 1 her urine output declines and she becomes lethargic and obtunded. Laboratory testing is performed. What is the most likely diagnosis? 

How is total body phophate predominantly controlled?

In advanced prostatic cancer, which is the most important therapy?

A patient has long-standing, poorly controlled hypertension. The patient has no symptoms of uremia. The lab data are below. Similar data are observed 6 months later. What is the correct assessment of the patient’s renal function? 

Regarding autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), what is the current state of the art approach for monitoring disease progression and subsequent management?