A 20-year-old male presents with severe shoulder pain and deformity after falling on an outstretched arm. Physical examination reveals a prominent acromion and loss of the normal shoulder contour.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A 40-year-old female with a fractured ankle has been in a cast for 8 weeks. She now experiences muscle weakness and stiffness in her lower leg.  What is the most likely cause of her symptoms? 

Which mechanism of injury is most likely to cause an ACL rupture? 

A patient with a tissue injury is being treated for acute inflammation. Which of the following best describes the sequence of events that occur during this process? 

A 50-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer is found to have a mutation in the BRCA1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene.  What is the most likely consequence of this mutation? 

A 50-year-old male presents with numbness and tingling in his ring and little fingers. He reports that his symptoms are worse when he leans on his elbow or bends his arm for extended periods. Physical examination reveals a positive Tinel’s sign at the elbow.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

How can cancer-causing viruses contribute to cancer development? 

A 35-year-old male presents with knee pain and swelling after twisting his knee while playing soccer. He reports a sensation of the knee “locking” and “giving way.” Physical examination reveals joint line tenderness and a positive McMurray test.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A patient with seasonal allergies experiences symptoms upon exposure to pollen. What is the sequence of events leading to these symptoms? 

A patient is infected with a bacterial pathogen. Which cells present antigens to CD4 T cells to initiate an adaptive immune response?