An 80-year-old female with a history of recurrent infections is diagnosed with a late-stage cancer.   What role does immunosenescence play in her cancer progression? 

A 7-year-old girl presents with headaches, vomiting, and difficulty walking. MRI reveals a mass in the posterior fossa.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

What is a common degenerative disease that affects the knee joint? 

A 45-year-old male presents with pain and numbness in his right hand and forearm. He reports that his symptoms are worse with repetitive use of his hand and wrist. Physical examination reveals tenderness in the forearm muscles and a positive Tinel’s sign at the wrist.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A 45-year-old female with a family history of multiple cancers is found to have a germline mutation in the MLH1 gene, associated with Lynch syndrome.  What is the primary function of the MLH1 gene in normal cells? 

Which mechanism of injury is most likely to cause an ACL rupture? 

A 30-year-old male athlete experiences increased bone density in his lower limbs after a period of intense training.  Which cells are primarily responsible for this adaptive response? 

Which glycoprotein on the platelet membrane is crucial for platelet adhesion to the damaged vessel wall? 

What is the role of the protein p53 in the cell cycle? 

What is the significance of increased sporadic DNA mutations in older adults?