Q48. Two fats are compared at room temperature. Fat A is mostly saturated; Fat B is mostly unsaturated. Which prediction is most accurate?

Q23. In double-stranded DNA, if one strand runs 5′ → 3′, the complementary strand runs:

Q30. DNA must be stable but also able to separate during replication and transcription. Why are hydrogen bonds between base pairs well-suited for this role?

Q14. Hemoglobin is made up of four polypeptide chains that assemble into a functional protein. What is the highest level of protein structure exhibited by hemoglobin?

Q25. Two double-stranded DNA samples are the same length. Sample 1 is GC-rich and Sample 2 is AT-rich. When heated, which sample will require a higher temperature to separate the strands (“melt”), and why?

Q7. Why can even small changes in pH disrupt normal physiological processes?

Q31. Human ABO blood types differ because of differences in:

Q12. When a peptide bond forms between two amino acids on a ribosome, what molecule is released as a direct result of the condensation reaction?

Q28. Two DNA sequences differ by a single nucleotide. Why can this matter biologically?

Q9. A carboxyl group (–COOH) is moved from pH 4 to pH 9. The carboxyl group is now more likely to be: