____ is a judicial order that commands a correctional official to bring a prisoner before a federal court so that the court can hear the person’s claim that he or she is being held illegally.

Guarantees of a speedy trial, a trial by jury, a public trial, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a lawyer at various stages of criminal proceedings is included in the ____ Amendment.

A criminal act that is considered wrong even if there were no law prohibiting it is known as ____.

____ are crimes punishable by death or imprisonment in a federal or state penitentiary for one year or longer.

Courts having original jurisdiction are courts of the first instance, or ____.

Which form of shock incarceration was modeled after military basic training, emphasizing strict discipline, manual labor, and physical training?

Which of the following is not one of the options of intermediate sanctions that judges have in sentencing?

A pat-down or minimal search by police to discover weapons with the purpose of protecting the officer or other citizens, and not to find evidence of illegal substances for use in a trial, is referred to as a(n) ____.

The most common form of punishment in the United States is:

The New York System used the ____, which was a nineteenth-century penitentiary system developed in which inmates were kept in separate cells during the night but worked together in the daytime under a code of enforced silence.