________ conditioning involves changing behavior through reinforcement or punishment.

Which of the following endocrine glands is located most inferiorly?

The anterior pituitary gland responds to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) but the posterior pituitary gland does not.  Why?

Pituitary hormones are not secreted at a steady rate.  GH is secreted mainly _____________, while PRL is secreted mainly ________________.

The Islets of Langerhans are the endocrine portion of the ____________

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces _____________.

How does PTH increase blood Ca2+ levels?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced in the _________________.

The primary stimulus for the release of insulin is  _______________.

In order to synthesize thyroid hormones, which materials must be available?