Lena grew up in a family where yelling at family members was…

Lena grew up in a family where yelling at family members was a common method of coping with daily hassles. Now, when Lena is frustrated that her son won’t do his homework, she finds herself yelling at him to complete it. Lena’s predisposition to yell is considered a(n) ____________, based on the Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation Model.