What is the function of substrates in an IC package and what materials are used in making substrates.                                                                                  

How many levels are involved in semiconductor packaging? Describe the levels  depicted in the images below.         

What is a semiconductor package and what are its major functions? 

Why did the semiconductor industry shift from DIP packaging to SMT in the 1980s? Discuss at least three technical or manufacturing motivations.

For each statement, state whether it is ‘True’ or ‘False’.                              Substrates are the cheapest component in electronic packaging. US currently doesn’t have any onshore substrate manufacturers. Substrates are not necessarily present in every advanced IC packaging. Substrates are crucial for high-end CPU, GPU and 5G chips

A mutation disrupts the proteins responsible for cross-linking intermediate filaments. Which structure is most directly affected?  

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing eukaryotic mRNA?  

List three differences between WLP and PLP.

Fill in the boxes with the most accurate step involved in packaging assembly process. Clearly explain any of the two steps you filled in.

X-ray diffraction images critical to determining the structure of DNA were generated by ______.