BONUS: According to the GOLD executive summary, ___________ has shown to improve COPD survival rate, increase maximal work capacity and improve quality of life for patients with concentration of severe upper lobe emphysema. (most of the disease in the upper lobes).

Select all of the true statements about the pathophysiology of COPD (select as many as deemed applicable).

Which of the following pathophysiological changes is responsible for a chronic cough and wet, coarse crackles (rhonchi) that are observed in patients with Chronic Bronchitis?

COPD severity is determined with:

You are called to the ED to see a COPD patient in acute respiratory distress. She is afebrile, HR 122 bpm, BP 136/88. ABGs results on 1 lpm NC are: pH 7.46, PaCO2 48, HCO3 30, PaO2 42. Her respiratory rate is 24 bpm and breath sounds are without wheezes or crackles. Which action is MOST appropriate at this time?

BONUS: Match the following PFT results with what it would indicate:

According to the GOLD standards, all of the following are correct about COPD, EXCEPT:

The ATS (American Thoracic Society) definition for Emphysema is based on which of the following:

A 56 year old man is diagnosed with COPD. His post-bronchodilator FEV1 is 55%. His physician has prescribed a short-acting beta agonist prn, a long-acting beta agonist (LABA) twice a day, and a long-acting anticholinergic (LAMA). The patient is not on inhaled corticosteroids, has a CAT score of 17 with one exacerbation within the past year that did not lead to hospitalization. Which of the following best describes the GOLD Group classification of his COPD?

An emphysematic patient is sent to the ED by his PCP. The patient has obvious increased WOB and complains of dyspnea. ABGs are drawn on RA and the ED physician states the patient is still ventilating adequately at this time. Which of the following ABG values indicates that the patient has an adequate ventilatory capacity?