A 68-year-old male presents with painless gross hematuria. He has a 40-pack-year smoking history and worked in textile dye manufacturing for 25 years. Which factor most significantly increases his risk for bladder cancer?

A 70-year-old male with a 50-pack-year smoking history presents with microscopic hematuria found on routine urinalysis. No infection is present. Which is the most appropriate next step in evaluation?

Which physical exam finding is most relevant when evaluating a man with erectile dysfunction?

A 42-year-old man presents with severe unilateral orbital pain lasting about 45 minutes. He reports ipsilateral tearing, nasal congestion, and restlessness during attacks. The headaches occur nightly for the past two weeks. Which headache disorder is most likely?

Which physical exam finding is most relevant when evaluating a man with erectile dysfunction?

A 17-year-old male presents with sudden onset of severe unilateral testicular pain, nausea, and vomiting. The testicle is high-riding with an absent cremasteric reflex. What is the priority action?

A 63-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with mild left-sided weakness that resolves within one hour. MRI confirms a small ischemic infarct. She has no atrial fibrillation and no contraindications to antiplatelet therapy. Which management strategy is most appropriate for early secondary prevention?

A 52-year-old postmenopausal woman reports dyspareunia and decreased libido. Which etiology most likely contributes to her symptoms?

Which treatment option is most appropriate for a woman with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) without depression or hormonal deficiency?

A 56-year-old woman presents with a new severe headache that started abruptly while gardening. She describes it as “the worst headache of my life.” She also reports neck stiffness and nausea. What is the most appropriate next step?