During the bacterial SOS response to severe DNA damage, what trade-off occurs in DNA repair?

Which of the following is NOT true about the initiation of transcription?

Match each DNA repair mechanism listed below (top to bottom) with the type of DNA damage it primarily repairs. Repair Systems•    Methyl-directed mismatch repair•    Photoreactivation (photoactivation)•    Homologous recombination•    Base excision repair•    Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)•    SOS repair DNA Damage TypesA.    Thymine–thymine (T–T) dimers caused by UV lightB.    Chemically modified or damaged single basesC.    Error-prone repair of double-strand breaksD.    Replication errors producing base–base mismatchesE.    Error-proof repair of double-strand breaks F.    Global emergency response that allows translesion synthesis across damaged DNA

Which group of viruses has a genome that can be directly used as mRNA for translation upon infection?

Which RNA molecule within the prokaryotic ribosome base-pairs with the Shine–Dalgarno sequence of mRNA during translation initiation?

An example of vertical gene transfer is 

Consider the following bacterial mRNA sequence: 5′-CAAUGCAUGCCGAGGA GGUUUCUAAUGUUCGGU-3′ (The bold portion indicates the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.) Which of the following statements correctly predicts the outcome of translation?  

In the following figure, which label represents the Shine-Dalgarno site?  

In the following figure, which type(s) of mutation(s) is/are introducing frameshifts?  

Which of the following statements correctly contrasts transcription and DNA replication in prokaryotes?