(Dr. Yan) Calicivirus has only one Open Reading Frame (ORF).

(Dr. Yan) What is most important genus of orthomyxovirus family in avian species?

(Dr. Yan) To control mad cow disease, every cow has been tested before slaughter. 

(Dr. Yan) Select the best answer for the description of replication defective retrovirus? 

(Dr. Yan) Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus affect all ages of rabbits.

(Alejandro Banda) This is an insect-borne virus that infects mostly sheep, and the pathogenesis includes vascular injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombosis, generalized hemorrhagic disease (diathesis), and erosions and ulcerations on mucous membranes and lameness.

(Alejandro Banda) What is the factor that determines that some bird species play a role as reservoirs (enzootic cycle) of both Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Western Equine Encephalitis Virus?

(Dr. Yan) Due to gene reassortment when one cell is infected with two different flu A viruses H5N1 and H3N2. What is the possible HA-NA outcomes? (2 points)

(Alejandro Banda) The pulmonary presentation of African horse sickness is characterized by:

PCR can be used to amplify and identify RNA if complementary DNA (cDNA) is first generated from the targeted RNA using the enzyme