Axial loading is the most common mechanism of CSI and can often be avoided by proper instruction technique in football.

Severe injuries to the pelvis:

Pain in the lower right abdominal quadrant, positive rebound test at McBurney’s point, abdominal rigidity, elevated WBC and nausea could be:

If the athlete’s cervical spine is found it an awkward position and ABC’s are not intact, it may be necessary to re-position the neck for effective CPR.

SIS occurs with all EXCEPT:

Metabolic shock is due to an allergic reaction and is caused by pipe failure.

Severe injuries to the pelvis:

SIS occurs with all EXCEPT:

Metabolic shock is due to an allergic reaction and is caused by pipe failure.

Rapid Trauma Assessment also includes DCAP-BTLS which stands for Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Puncture/Penetrations – Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, and Swelling.