A patient is experiencing symptoms of cervical spinal stenosis. Based on the diagnosis, the physical therapist suspects that placing the neck into will assist in reducing symptoms while placing the neck into will increase symptoms due to orientation of the facet joints and the diameter of the spinal canal.

A patient performs the following test below where the physical therapist (PT) notes the toes being 2 inches away from the wall. Based on this, what can the PT conclude is most restricting the motion?

A physical therapist (PT) is performing a Craig’s Test on a young child. The PT notes that the lower extremity rests at 10 degrees of hip internal rotation when the greater trochanter parallel to the ground. How would this PT document the test in their documentation system?

Which motion occurs more than any other at the atlantoaxial (C1-C2) joint in the cervical spine?

A 27-year-old female presents to physical therapy with a 5-month history of left anterolateral hip and groin pain. She reports intermittent symptoms including clicking, clunking, and occasional locking of the hip. She denies any history of low back pain, numbness, or tingling. Based on this presentation, which diagnosis is most likely?

Based on the article by Bogduk (2009), Pain, what type of referred pain is described as dull, aching, gnawing, or pressure that can be difficult to localize?

A 48-year-old female reports to PT with pain located near the right Achilles tendon and into the distal portion of the calf. She denies numbness and tingling, and experiences mainly pain after she is on her feet majority of the day. She denies a mechanism of injury stating that her pain has been gradually increasing over the past 6 months. She has tried PT at other locations, but has failed to improve. She has switched shoes recently, which is not helping. Which diagnosis is most likely occurring?

A 46-year-old male complains of pain in the medial aspect of the forearm, wrist, and fingers (ring and pinky finger). The examining physical therapist is aware of all of the entrapment sites for the nerve that could be contributing to his symptoms. Which of the following locations of nerve entrapment has the potential to refer symptoms in the area described by the patient?

What ligament is most commonly injured in your typical inversion/PF ankle sprain and what test best assesses laxity of this ligament?

What special test and position would be best for biasing and assessing the medial collateral ligament of the knee?