A 24 year old male with a history of intravenous drug abuse is referred to the sonography department with a history of left flank pain, fever and chills.  You perform a renal sonogram and demonstrate a complex mass containing low-level echoes and debris.  It also contains hyperechoic foci associated with ring-down artifacts.  What is the most likely explanation for these findings?

In patients with appendicitis, the outer diameter should measure at least _____ mm.

What is a smooth membrane that lines the entire abdominal cavity and is reflectd over contained organs?

The walls of the distended urinary bladder should not measure greater than _____ mm.

The above images are of the right kidney. The first image is the patient is supine and in the second image, the patient has been placed in the left lateral decubitus position. What is the most likley explanation for the findings on the ultrasound exam?

A young man presents from the ED with severe right flank pain.  This image is most consistent with _____.

Children with intussusception may exhibit the following clinical presentations except:

A thickened muscle in the pylorus that prevents food from entering the duodenum is:

The structure lying immediately superior to the kidney in this neonate is ____

Acute renal failure on sonography appears as all of the following except _____.