What world event led to the creation of the Three World System?

Which of these is an example of cultural relativism becoming problematic?

Which of these is an example of international culture?

A utility company working underground installed a guardrail around its access hole for safety. Although the guardrail completely surrounded the hole, there was an opening in one part of the rail to make it easier to pass down tools to those working below. The owner of a show dog living across the street from the utility access hole frequently walked his dog in his front yard without a leash. One afternoon, the dog unexpectedly chased a squirrel out of the dog owner’s yard and ran through the opening of the guardrail, falling into the open hole and suffering broken bones and internal injuries. Although expert veterinary care saved the dog’s life, the dog was no longer of “show quality” after the injuries. The dog owner brought a negligence claim against the utility company to recover his economic losses resulting from the injuries to his dog. At trial, the dog owner presented the above facts. The utility company presented uncontested evidence that the guardrail used by the company meets typical industry standards, and that the opening in the guardrail was not large enough for a person to have fallen through. At the close of the evidence, the utility company moved for a directed verdict. What should the court do?

A vintner whose winery building burned down sued a supply company, alleging that  two large tanks that he had purchased from the supply company a month earlier had overheated and caused the fire. The supply company’s defense is that the fire was caused by the vintner’s failure to install modern electrical wiring in the rather old building. At trial, the vintner seeks to establish that the tanks overheated by testifying that, two weeks after the tanks were installed, a supply company employee came to inspect the installation, and the vintner said to him, “You know, sometimes these tanks get awful hot.” Should the vintner be permitted to so testify?

A landowner owned a large tract of mineral- rich land in a sparsely populated area. He entered into a lease with a prospector who was interested in developing the land for mining. The term of the lease was two years and gave the prospector an option to buy the property at any time after the first year. The prospector did not record the lease. Six months later, the prospector left the land for a period of time to prospect in Mexico, leaving no goods on the land that would identify him. The landowner then conveyed the property in fee simple to a developer, who had inspected the property while the prospector was in Mexico and was unaware of the prior transac- tion. The developer did not immediately record her deed. After three months in Mexico, the prospector returned to the land and encountered the developer. A statute in the jurisdiction provides, in part: “No conveyance or mortgage of an interest in land, other than a lease for less than one year, is valid against any subsequent purchaser for value without notice thereof whose conveyance is first recorded.” If the developer brings an action to quiet title, how should the court rule?

A fire broke out in a home that had been recently remodeled, destroying the house and injuring the homeowner. An investigation by the fire marshal established that the fire started from a short in some wiring behind a wall. A small section of wiring that ran to an outlet through a narrow gap between a furnace chimney and a hot water pipe had had part of its outer sheath cut off. The homeowner filed suit against the electrical company that did the rough wiring. The parties stipulated for trial that the company had installed the wiring in compliance with the blueprints, and that the wiring had been inspected and approved by the building inspector before the chimney and the water pipe had been installed and the walls put up, all by different contractors. At trial, the homeowner introduced the report of the fire marshal establishing how the fire started, and evidence of his medical expenses and other damages. At the end of the homeowner’s case, the electrical company’s attorney rested her case and moved for a directed verdict. The homeowner’s attorney also moved for a directed verdict. How should the court rule on the directed verdict motions?

A father owned a piece of property located near the state university. His son was a student at the university, and the father allowed the son and the son’s classmate to live in the large house on the property rent free. On the son’s 20th birthday, the father handed the son a signed instrument of conveyance containing the following language: “I give the property to my dearly beloved son on the condition precedent that he receive a college degree before he reaches the age of 30, and if he does not receive the degree by his 30th birthday, to my beloved daughter.” The son promptly recorded the deed. Shortly thereafter, the son asked his classmate to start paying him rent. An argument evolved out of the son’s request and the son told the classmate to get off his property. The classmate refused to leave and the son filed suit to evict him. How will the court rule?

A real estate investor purchased a home by taking out a $160,000 mortgage. After a few months, he sold the home to a buyer. According to the terms of the agreement signed by the parties, the buyer took the house “subject to the mortgage” and agreed to “assume payment of” the mortgage. A recession struck the area and the buyer found himself in financial difficul- ties. The buyer sold the home to a company that buys otherwise unsellable houses. Under the terms of the agreement signed by the parties, the company agreed to take “subject to the mortgage.” All deeds and the mortgage were properly recorded. After two months, the company ceased making mortgage payments. The bank that held the mortgage unsuccessfully demanded payments from the company, the buyer, and the investor. The bank properly instituted proceedings to foreclose, and the house was put up for judicial sale. Because the recession had severely depressed property values, the house sold for only $120,000. After the $120,000 was applied to the mortgage, $37,800 was still owing on the principal amount. From whom can the bank seek judgment to cover the deficiency?

A young boy was hospitalized after he accidentally swallowed a coin while playing. The boy recovered, but his mother began suffering feelings of anxiety, worrying that her child might be injured again. The mother went to a movie to relax and ordered some popcorn. While handling her change, the concession stand attendant carelessly dropped a quarter into the popcorn, which the mother did not notice until she bit the quarter. She did not swallow the quarter, nor did she bite on it hard enough to injure her teeth or gums, but the feel of the coin brought back all her anxieties about the boy’s injury. The mother sued the movie theater for her emotional distress. If the jury finds that a reasonable person would not have suffered similar distress under the circumstances, is the mother likely to prevail?