8. Which of the following correctly describes the pathway taken by a protein destined for secretion from an animal cell? 

30. The cell membrane is a mosaic of materials which are used for the structure and function of the cell. In 1-2 sentences each, describe the most likely function of each of the following structures of the cell membrane. Aquaporins Peripheral proteins Integral proteins    

32. You are examining two eukaryotic cells. One cell is spherical and has a surface area to volume ratio of 4:1. The second cell is flat and has a surface area to volume ratio of 7:1. Identify which of these cells will be most efficient in diffusing materials throughout the cell and explain your answer in terms of the SA:V ratio. 

17. You are conducting an experiment to determine which type of carbohydrate provides the best  growing conditions for bacteria. You set up 5 growth plates of bacteria. 4 plates each have a different type of sugar, while the 5th plate has no sugar. What is the purpose of the 5th plate in this  experiment? A) It is the independent variable plate B) This plate will grow the most bacteria because of the lack of sugar C) This plate serves as a control plate to compare growth with the sugar plates D) This plate should not grow any bacteria due to lack of sugar

16. Which of the following would be considered an organic molecule? A) H2O B) H2S C) C6H12O6 D) H2SO4

7. Some cells use a form of active transport to move very large materials across the membrane. An example is white blood cells engulfing prokaryotes to prevent infection. What is this process called?

1. Which of the following results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms? A) a nonpolar covalent bond B) a polar covalent bond C) an ionic bond D) a hydrophobic interaction

20. Which of the following long, branched polymers of carbohydrates would typically be found in the  cell walls of fungi, or the exoskeletons of many insects? A) Starch B) Glycogen C) Chitin D) Cellulose

2. Humans produce sweat as a cooling mechanism to maintain a stable internal temperature. Which of the following best explains how the properties of water contribute to this physiological process? A) The high specific heat capacity of water allows the body to absorb a large amount of excess heat energy. B) The high heat of vaporization of water allows the body to remove excess heat through a phase change of water from liquid to gas. C) The high surface tension of water contributes to the physical process by which water leaves the body. D) The high melting temperature of water allows the body to remove excess heat through a phase change of water from solid to liquid.

12. Which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates? A) The removal of a water molecule breaks a covalent bond between sugar monomers. B) The removal of a water molecule forms a covalent bond between sugar monomers. C) The addition of a water molecule breaks a covalent bond between sugar monomers. D) The addition of a water molecule forms a covalent bond between sugar monomers