Paul and Dave attended State University Law School together….

Paul and Dave attended State University Law School together.  Paul was from a lower-middle income family and was the only member of the family to attend college and law school.  As such, Paul did not have any social contacts.  On the other hand, Dave came from a rich family which had many social and business contacts.  While in law school, Paul drank heavily, but also studied very hard and excelled in his studies.  Following law school, both Paul and Dave passed the bar exam on the first attempt.  Because of his contacts, Dave was immediately hired as an associate attorney in a very prestigious law firm.  Paul, however, was forced to enter practice as a solo practitioner.  Over the course of the next 10 years, Dave rose to the level of partner in his law firm.  Over that same 10 years, Paul also excelled in his practice and developed a fine reputation with his clients, and members of the bench and bar.  Paul also had refrained from any use of alcohol over the entire 10-year time period. Dave’s firm was seeking to acquire new business.  The firm therefore advertised to negotiate with an outside attorney for a position as partner provided that outside attorney could bring a strong book of business to the firm.  Dave had a solid book of business and therefore submitted an application to the firm for consideration.  After having reviewed all of the applicants and the business they could bring to the firm, the other partners were leaning in the direction of offering the partnership to Paul.  In a meeting attended by the partners of the law firm, Dave rose and said: “You all should know that Paul and I attended law school together.  While we were in law school, Paul drank heavily.  Leopards do not change their spots.  I do not think that Paul is the sort of attorney that this firm should be associated with.” As a result, the firm offered the partnership to another applicant. If Paul brings an action for defamation against Dave, what is the likely result.  Be sure to consider each statement of Dave individually.

In the Compton scattering experiment shown in the figure, a…

In the Compton scattering experiment shown in the figure, a monochromatic beam of X-rays strikes a target containing free electrons.  Scattered X-rays are detected with a wavelength of 2.50 × 10–12 m at an angle of 45° away from the original beam direction.  What is the wavelength of the incident monochromatic X-rays?  Note:  The mass of an electron is 9.11 × 10–31 kg.