After exposure to antigen, a soluble antigen-antibody complex may form.  When the antigen-antibody complex forms,  precipitation occurs.  Maximum precipitation occurs in which zone of this reaction? 

Which of the following is a common property of both immunoglobulin receptors and T-cell receptors (TCRs)?

During B cell development, a very number of B cell receptors are formed, resulting in enormous diversity of antibody molecules.  Which of the following it the name associated with this process?

To distinguish granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes in a blood sample, a flow cytometer produces a scattergram separating these cells.  The criteria for separating these cells is based on which of the following?

The bone marrow is the organ where B cell tolerance occurs during fetal development.  Self-reacting cells are killed in this process.  Which of the following best describes the mechanism of this killing process that results in this tolerance?

Where does lipid/fat digestion begin?  

A pregnant woman comes to her doctor concerned about the health of her baby.  She is counseled the baby has some protection due to placental transfer of IgG from her to the fetus.  This type of immunity is an example of which of the following?

In an experiment, a researcher wants to up-regulate the action of cells that inhibit effector T cells.  The cells they want to up-regulate secrete IL-10.  Which of the following cells should be targeted for this up-regulation?  

A child is born without the ability to produce T cells.  Which of the following functions is least likely to be missing in this child?  

Eleven-year-old Harry is complaining of a severe sore throat and gets to stay home from school. His pediatrician prescribes a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and Harry feels much better within a few days.   However, some two weeks later, he has a dull, bilateral pain in his lower back and his urine is a smoky brown color.   On the basis of Harry’s signs and symptoms, diagnose his condition and indicate the relationship (if any) between his present condition and his earlier sore throat.