What is the term used to describe the phenomenon whereby tolerance to one medication results in increased tolerance to at least one other medication, potentially prior to the individual’s initial exposure to the second medication?

In behavioral pharmacology, the term “excretion” refers: 

 Aleksander injures his knee and is in great pain, rating it an 8 out of 10. When he takes one brand of painkiller, it reduces the pain to a 4 out of 10. If he takes another brand of painkiller that has a similar effect to the initial painkiller, but there is an additive effect with both painkillers, he would likely rate his pain which of the following?

A BCBA is trying to determine which elements of a treatment package are necessary to maintain long-term behavior change. The client’s program currently consists of written instructions, a token economy, and verbal instructions to shape behavior. The BCBA evaluates these procedures both in isolation and in different combinations with each other to determine which elements are necessary to maintain behavior change. The BCBA is conducting which of the following?

Even though Caleb has homework every night, and is doing poorly in school, he spends most of his evenings drinking alcohol instead of studying. What type of dependency is described here?

The placebo effect occurs when a behavior changes in the desired direction when the drug delivered to the participant:

  Researchers who conduct studies using group designs typically evaluate independent variables by comparing:

Dr. Blakely outlined four ways a drug can be classified, including all of the following, EXCEPT classification by_______.

When considering a drug holiday, which of the following is an important consideration? Select all that apply.

Placebo effects are related to ______ and nocebo effects are related ______. Both do not include the delivery of the active ingredient of the medication.