In human saliva, the enzyme amylase breaks down the starch i…

In human saliva, the enzyme amylase breaks down the starch in foods such as potatoes, rice, and pasta into smaller sugar subunits including its monomer glucose. This process begins in the mouth. If amylase were not present in saliva, the breakdown of starch would still occur, but at a much slower rate. What is the role of salivary amylase in this reaction?

When synthesizing new DNA strands during DNA replication, th…

When synthesizing new DNA strands during DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase requires magnesium ions (Mg2+) in order to function correctly. The magnesium ions function by helping position nucleotides within the active site of DNA polymerase, thereby helping the reaction proceed. This means these magnesium ions are serving as ______.

The sodium-potassium pump in a neuron’s membrane actively tr…

The sodium-potassium pump in a neuron’s membrane actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, which is crucial for nerve impulse transmission. Where does the pump get the energy to move these ions against their concentration gradients?