The Irish Mark System, developed by Lawrence Driscoll in 1794, established probation and parole requirements for Irish-born offenders in what were then English-ruled colonies.

Discuss some of the major issues that elderly inmates face while in prison.

A signature bond is usually given for minor offenses, such as minor traffic offenses, and is based on the defendant’s written promise to appear in court.

One who acts with premeditated and politically directed violence directed against noncombatants is known as a:

How does judicial discretion affect the models of determinate and indeterminate sentencing?

Before sentencing takes place in felony cases, it is common for the court’s probation staff to conduct a:

The most widely used type of sentence today is:

Prison crowding makes it difficult to provide an adequate assessment program concerning the treatment needs of inmates.

A major issue facing states today is that courts have begun to make major settlements against those who have been wrongly convicted.

Parolees may be subjected to random searches by parole officers.