int a,b;a = 0;b = 12;Does the following expression evaluate to TRUE or FALSE?( (( a || b ) || (a && b))  &&  (!a) )

Which option below best describes the output of the following program? #include int main(){  int num1,quotient;  int num_array, i=1,k;   num1 = 55;  quotient = num1;  while(quotient!=0){     num_array= quotient % 4;     i++;     quotient = quotient / 4;   }       for(k = i – 1; k>0; k–)     printf(“%d”,num_array);   return 0;}  

Which option below best describes the output of the following program? #include struct st {int a;char ch;}; int main(void){    struct st obj;    struct st *stobj = &obj;     stobj->a = 31;    stobj->ch = ‘X’;    obj.a = 16;    obj.ch = ‘C’;     printf(“%d %c \n”, stobj->a, stobj->ch);     stobj->a = 7;    stobj->ch = ‘B’;     printf(“%d %c \n”, obj.a, obj.ch);    return 0;}

Which of the following fracture types has the highest risk of growth arrest and complications in the skeletally immature?

Short Answer 1 (10 pts. total) Bird species such as pelicans, black eagles, and cattle egrets practice siblicide, in which an older, larger chick will attack, and often eventually kill, its younger sibling.  A question central to the understanding of siblicide is why parents lay extra eggs in the first place, if these ‘marginal’ chicks are unlikely to survive. a.  Describe one adaptive benefit that parents can gain from producing additional chicks, if the species is obligately siblicidal. (3 pts.)   b.  Mock et al. (1990) conducted an experiment in which size disparities between junior and senior cattle egret chicks were manipulated by switching eggs across nests. Briefly describe the experimental results from the Figure, below, comparing the ‘synchronous’ and the ‘normal’ conditions, and how they make sense in light of the ‘rules’ for the escalation of contests.  (7 pts.).     PLEASE LABEL YOUR ANSWERS WITH (a) and (b).

Dolby and Grubb (2000) found that when core species (tufted titmice and Carolina chickadees) were present at a bird feeder far from forest cover, the latency for a satellite species (nuthatches) to begin feeding was much shorter than when the core species was absent.  However, when the bird feeder was close to forest cover, feeding latency nuthatches did not differ according to whether cores species were present or absent.  These results illustrate:

Integrative 1 (20 pts. total) While staying up late one night, you watch a YouTube video that features rare animals from the Bornean rainforest. One of the species shown in the video is a small marsupial (mammal with a pouch) that you have never heard of before.  Several different species of figs make up the bulk of this animal’s diet, and individual males fiercely defend trees with within distinct territories.  Females tend to prefer males with the best fig resources; they often mate with a male after assessing the quality of his figs.  Males have striking white coats with huge black spots, whereas females’ coats are dull and brown.  Males also have unusually large floppy ears. a.  What type of mating system (be very specific) would you expect this species to exhibit?  Explain your answer (5 pts.).   b.  Name and describe one process that would, over evolutionary time, cause males’ spots to become more pronounced and males’ ears to become larger and floppier (5 pts.).   c.  When males meet at territory boundaries, they display by head-bobbing at one another.  Describe one factor that would lead both males to escalate their displays to include physical aggression (4 pts.).   d.  Use the gamete order hypothesis to explain why male care is unlikely to occur in this species (6 pts.)   PLEASE LABEL YOUR ANSWERS WITH (a), (b), (c) and (d).

Learning studies on captive corvids (birds such as nutcrackers and jays) have found that species such as Clark’s nutcrackers are far superior to scrub jays at finding the spatial locations of seed caches.  Wild Clark’s nutcrackers rely heavily on cached seed supplies over the winter, whereas cached seeds account for only a portion of wild scrub jays’ winter diet.  This correlation between feeding ecology in the wild and learning ability in captivity is an example of:  

Short Answer 2 (10 pts. total)   a.  Polygyny is generally advantageous to males, but it is often not in females’ best interest to accept polygyny.  Describe one hypothesis that can be used to explain why females ‘accept’ polygyny.  (5 pts.)   b.  Conversely, monogamy is generally advantageous to females, but monogamy is often not in males’ best interest. Provide one explanation for why males might ‘accept’ being monogamous. (5 pts.)     PLEASE LABEL YOUR ANSWERS WITH (a) and (b).        

Polyandry tends to be a relatively rare mating system because: