Which of the following is the proposed mechanism of action causing beneficial effects of the aldosterone-receptor blocker spironolactone in patients with heart failure?

Mr. Kalish, a long-time government employee, falsely believed that his supervisor was a communist agent who was putting poison in the employees’ coffee. When Mr. Kalish was referred to a psychologist, he complained that he heard voices in his head which told him about the poison in the coffee. Mr. Kalish is most likely suffering from:

The mean velocity for the  ACA is   _______ . The mean velocity for the basilar artery is _______ .

A 56-year-old male with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis presents to the ICU in respiratory distress. He is put on high flow nasal cannula with 50 L flow, 80% FiO2. ABG obtained has a pH significant for 7.32, PaO2 of 80 mm Hg, PaCO2 of 20 mm Hg, HCO3 of 30. Given his underlying disease, what is the primary physiological aberration leading to the patient’s hypoxemia?

1. Which of the following nutrients provides the most energy per gram?

A 70-year-old female is intubated in the ICU for respiratory failure following an episode of aspiration with resulting pneumonitis. Which of the following practices is most likely to decrease her duration of mechanical ventilation?

After several weeks of experiencing low self-esteem, apathy, and dissatisfaction with his life, Mark has suddenly become extremely cheerful, optimistic, and so talkative that he can’t be interrupted. He seems to need less sleep and becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Mark’s behavior is most likely an indication of:

When providing treatment for a patient with signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema, it is important to determine if the cause is noncardiogenic or cardiogenic.  Which of the following would be a cause of cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

Which of the following scenarios has the highest recommendation for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation?

30. Which medication is used to suppress appetite in obesity?