The ureter is usually involved in most perinephric fluid collections except:

In vascular testing, what is typically considered to be the gold standard?

What is the major difference between primary and secondary varicose veins?

Which of the following criteria describes this post renal transplant biopsy complication?  

Low resistive “tardus parvus” Doppler spectral waveforms recorded throughout the renal medulla and cortex would suggest which of the following?

If a patient is symptomatic for DVT and you find thrombus of uncertain age, the  thrombus should be considered to be:

Which of the following vessels can be seen posterior to the IVC?

Which is not a symptom of venous insufficiency?

What are the three basic vascular anastomoses performed during a liver transplantation?

A patient presents to the vascular lab post renal transplant. The Duplex exam reveals turbulence  in the renal artery, PSV of 400 cm/s at the anastomosis. Based on these findings, what should the technologist suspect?