In regard to live-load reductions, the average maximum lifetime load _______ as the loaded area increases.

High-strength wire is used for prestressing because the creep of concrete will dissipate most of the prestress force if normal reinforcing bars are used, instead.

Fatigue is an example of a _______.

It is generally more economical to use the same sizes of beams, slabs and columns for multiple floors because _______.

In a cast-in-place structure, the costs of the floor and roof systems make up roughly ten percent of the total structural costs.

Given that dead load = 45 psf, live load = 90 psf, roof live load = 15 psf, snow load = 60 psf, and wind load = 40 psf, determine the largest factored load.

It is desirable to have one factor, or a series of factors, to account for the variability in resistances and another series of factors to account for the variability of load effects, because strengths and loads vary independently.

Given that dead load = 20 psf, live load = 20 psf, roof live load = 25 psf, snow load = 45 psf, and wind load = 20 psf, determine the largest factored load.

In LRFD, factor adjustments for resistances (strengths) are typically _______ 1.

A structural element reaches its _______ state when it becomes unfit for its intended use.