When managers attempt to spread authority widely in the lower levels of an organization, they are attempting to centralize authority.

A locally owned and operated bakery with just one location is likely to have

The number of layers in the organizational structure of Dayton Hudson Corporation indicates the company’s

Delegation consists of giving a subordinate all of the following except

Galvin Corporation provides institutional food facilities with bread and other baked goods. The company does not actually produce or market the bread, and it has very few employees, most of whom are top executives or clerical workers. Galvin Corporation has a(n) ____ organizational structure.

Jasper Electronics, Inc. (JEI)Jasper Electronics, Inc., is an electronics manufacturer that creates circuits for various electronic products. Currently, the company has eight locations. It prides itself on its fast production process.Ross is the newly appointed head operations manager of the company–and he is hoping to contribute to the company in a meaningful way. Ross has decided that there are several aspects of the production process that need to be changed or improved. One such aspect is quality control. He also wants to do some research to decide whether the company is moving in the right direction. In addition, he wishes to learn what other successful firms focus on so he can implement this knowledge at JEI. Refer to Jasper Electronics, Inc. The plant layout at Jasper Electronics is mostly likely a

Garrett EnterpriseGarrett Enterprise is a well-known company that has been around for many years. However, Mr. Smith, its CEO, has noticed recently that the company is not performing up to par. He has been watching the employees closely. Mr. Smith saw that his workers do only what is required and that no one seems to go above and beyond what is necessary.He thinks this is odd because Garrett Enterprise used to have dedicated employees who felt a real sense of ownership toward the company. Now it seems that the employees need to be watched all the time just to make sure they are doing the minimum required. The company has always tried to help its employees through various measures, but recently these measures have been unsuccessful.Mr. Smith also observed that the employees were not engaging with each other. They all seemed to be at ease with each other, but there was very little interaction. When Mr. Smith asked his top managers to study the situation more closely, they reported that the employees were neither dissatisfied nor motivated.Mr. Smith decided that things needed to change. He decided that the managers would reward only very good behaviors and punish anything that was considered bad behavior. While this may not be the best option, Mr. Smith believes that it may work for the near future. Refer to Garrett Enterprise. Based on Herzberg’s theory, which of these factors was applied to employees?

Functional authority allows line managers to make decisions and issue directive relating to the goals of the organization.

​Jenna is giving a speech on job specialization for her business class. She will most likely tell the class that one of the reasons for job specialization is

Human resources is a(n) ____ type of job, so it does not fit directly into the chain of command.