Figure 1 shows a model of how a channel protein influences the movement of a particle across a cell’s plasma membrane. Figure 1. A section of a cell’s plasma membrane, showing a channel protein and a concentration gradient across the membrane An investigator wants to understand whether a newly found membrane protein is involved in membrane transport of a certain particle. Which investigation will help determine whether the new membrane protein is a channel protein involved in membrane transport?  

  Which of the following best describes the numbered areas?

Which of the following terms describes a molecule that is attracted to water?

Which of the following is TRUE about hydrophobic molecules?

What is the correct hierarchy of order from smallest to largest for complex living things?

The large central vacuole in plant cells is primarily used for:

In a laboratory experiment using spectrophotometry, an enzyme is combined with its substrate at time zero.  The absorbance of the resulting solution is measured at time zero and at five-minute intervals.  In this procedure, an increase in absorbance is related to the amount of product formed during the reaction.  The experiment is conducted using the three preparations shown in the table below. Absorbance of Solution at different times Enzyme Preparation 0 min 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min I.    3 mL of enzyme preparation    2 mL of substrate   pH 5.0 0.0 0.22 0.33 0.38 0.37 II.    3 mL of boiled enzyme preparation      2 mL of substrate      pH 5.0 0.0 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.04 What is the independent variable of this experiment?

Bonus: (worth up to 5 points) Please ignore that this question says it is out of 0 points. I will be manually adding the points during the grading process.   As this exam occurs right after Valentine’s Day, love is on my mind.  Tell me, what do you love about Astronomy?  Rubric:  Be very clear with your response, and fully explain your thoughts using at least 3 sentences to receive the full 5 points. General or vague responses will not be scored favorably. I am giving you the space to share your personal connection to our course material. Take advantage of this opportunity with a detailed answer! If you use AI to write your essay, you will receive a 0 on the entire exam and be reported for scholastic dishonesty, which could result in academic disciplinary actions. 

Match each description with the appropriate term.  Choose the best answer.  Each question is worth 1.5 points.  Each option will only be matched exactly once. Check that you have matched all terms. 

For the COVID example we did in class, say that the entire US population size is 10000. Let’s change the test accuracy to 96%, i.e. P(T|D)=P(T^c|D^c)=0.96. 1200 people have the disease (12% from our example), 1152 people have the disease and test positive (96% true positive rate). What is P(D|T), that is the probability of having the disease given that you test positive using the Bayes’ rule? Use the tree diagram.