A 72-year-old man presents with gradual bilateral hearing loss. His family notes he cannot hear high-pitched voices. Audiogram shows symmetric high-frequency loss. Which process explains his condition?

A 32-year-old man presents with eye pain, photophobia, and decreased vision. He recently recovered from a viral URI. Slit-lamp exam shows dendritic corneal ulcer. Which process explains his condition?

A 48-year-old woman presents with recurrent episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss. Audiogram confirms sensorineural hearing loss. Which process explains her disease?

A 12-year-old boy presents with progressive difficulty walking, calf pseudohypertrophy, and frequent falls. Creatine kinase markedly elevated. Genetic testing shows dystrophin mutation. Which process explains his disease?

A 44-year-old man presents with headaches, enlarged hands and feet, and spacing of his teeth. Labs: IGF-1 elevated, glucose tolerance test fails to suppress GH. Which process explains his condition?

A 61-year-old man presents with muscle weakness and kidney stones. His wife reports he has become irritable, though unrelated to his illness. Labs: calcium 12.1 mg/dL (normal 8.5–10.5), PTH elevated, phosphate low. Which process explains his condition?

A 50-year-old woman presents with progressive unilateral facial numbness and hearing loss. MRI shows a mass at the cerebellopontine angle. Which process explains her condition?

A 33-year-old neurodiverse man with autism presents with palpitations and dizziness. ECG reveals atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Which process explains his reduced cardiac output?

A 70-year-old woman reports gradual central vision loss. Fundus exam reveals drusen deposits and pigmentary changes. Which process explains her disease?

A 57-year-old man presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and blurred vision. HbA1c is 9.8% (normal