A patient is admitted with a suspected heart failure exacerbation. Upon assessment, you note the following: Respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute Oxygen saturation of 91% Crackles in both lower posterior lung fields  No edema, jugular vein distension, or weight gain The patient is most likely experiencing heart failure.

Using the case in the previous question, what is the typical course of management for this pathology? 

The pathology identified below is consistent with .

The pathology identified in the following image is likely a .

Two examples of structural vocal pathologies include and

This measure is the current preferred calculation of the measure of noise in the voice signal. 

When frequently occurring, which of the following behaviors results in damage to the vocal folds due to high expiratory pressures and shearing forces causing tissue irritation and damage to the vocal folds over time? 

The preferred approach for symptom management of spasmodic dysphonia is .

Two behavioral voice therapy techniques for unilateral vocal fold paralysis include the following: and

Name 2 voice perceptual rating scales you might select for a voice evaluation. and