Download the exam here: Exam_4_Summer_2025.pdf Download the equation sheet here: Equation Sheet You have 60 minutes to complete the exam; please time yourself accordingly. Once you finish the exam, up to 15 minutes can be used to scan and submit your work to the corresponding D2L Assignment.  The exam will consist of 4 open-ended problems, making a total of 110 pts. A calculator is permitted. You are not allowed to access any resources other than the equation sheet during the test. Show all your work to receive full credit on problems. In some cases, this includes drawing a diagram of the problem. Email tsaadi@arizona.edu or leebe@arizona.edu if you have questions at any time.

The left atrium is smaller by volume than the right atrium but with thinner walls.

The factors influencing cardiac output include…

Define true aneurysm.                                                                                                         

What is the hallmark pathological process in emphysema?

Anatomy: Fill-in Blank: Describe the THREE function(s) associated with paranasal sinuses. (3 Marks)

Blood enters the left atrium on either side via four pulmonary veins, the left and right superior and inferior pulmonary veins.

Anatomy: Fill-in Multiple Blanks: Answer the following questions regarding the images bellow, by filling-in the correct answers. (4 Marks) Coronal and horizontal sections.jpg Diagnose the condition in image A. Diagnose the condition in image B. Name the condition that results from gas pushing the lung on the opposite side of the thorax, compromising it. Name a potential space in the thoracic cavity where fluid can be aspirated.

Chronic bronchitis…

Anatomy: Fill-in Multiple Blanks: Infection of the mucosa of the pharynx is common; these infections can spread to other cavities via communication with the pharynx. Name the openings through which the following structures will communicate with the pharynx. (3 Marks) Middle ear. Nasal cavity. Larynx.