A researcher conducts a study to assess if doctors may uncon…

A researcher conducts a study to assess if doctors may unconsciously prescribe pain medicines at varying rates based on a patient’s races.  The researcher gains access to historical hospital patient data that includes patients’ races, and the type and amount of any pain medicine prescribed.  The researcher calculates the frequencies at which doctors prescribe pain medicines by race.  The results indicate a modest relationship between a patient’s race and the strength of pain medicines prescribed.  That is, the results revealed a general tendency for some doctors in the sample to prescribe more and stronger pain medicines to persons of certain races more than others, suggesting a possible unconscious bias based on race in the prescribing of pain medicine.  The research method in this example is the ____________________ method.

A psychologist spent several months observing and interviewi…

A psychologist spent several months observing and interviewing an individual who had recovered from a rare neurological condition. The researcher documented the subject’s cognitive changes and emotional responses throughout the recovery process. Detailed notes were taken to explore the unique factors contributing to the individual’s progress and healing. The findings provided insights into brain plasticity and potential therapeutic approaches for similar cases. The research method in this example is the ____________________ method.