What direction is the superior articular facet facing on a typical lumbar vertebra?

In regards to hip joint protection, on which side of the body should a cane be used?

In which plane do the fundamental movements of inversion and eversion of the foot occur?

With normal posture, in order to maintain the line of gravity anterior to the lateral malleolus, what type of moment is needed?

How many degrees of freedom are at the metatarsophalanageal joints?

Water at a flow rate of 0.012 m3/s travels from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir.  The piping system consists of 220 m cast iron pipe with an inner diameter of 7 cm.  The system contains a sharp inlet, two standard 90° elbows, an open gate valve, and sharp submerged exit into the upper reservoir.   Use the density of water as 998 kg/m3 and the viscosity as 1.0×10-3 kg/(m*s).  The Moody diagram is shown below and on the second page of the equation sheet.   Determine the frictional head loss due to the total pipe length.  You can use the Moody diagram below or an equation to find the Darcy friction factor. Determine the minor head loses in this system.  Determine the power required to operate the pump if it is 85% efficient.  Enter only the number, not units in the blank below. Include three digits in your answer and give the numerical answer in kW.

A meter diameter flag pole (cylinder) in air has a Reynolds number of 1×105.  From the figure below, the drag coefficient is approximated as 1.1   Find the drag on the flag pole if it is meters tall.  Use the density of air as 1.2 kg/m3 and viscosity as 1.8×10-5 kg/(m*s). Enter your numerical answer below, without units. Include three digits in your answer and give the numerical answer in N.

Describe the functional anatomy of the bile duct system.

The water is to be pumped from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir at a flow rate of kg/s.  The free surface of the upper reservoir is meters above the free surface of the lower reservoir.  The piping system shown has a pipe diameter of cm and a total frictional loss (major and minor) of meters.  The pipe entrance is 4 meters below the free surface of the lower reservoir and the pipe exit is 2 meters below the free surface of the upper reservoir.  Determine the power required to pump the water if the pump is 85% efficient.  Use the water density as 998 kg/m3.    In the blank below, enter the pump power in kW.  Write your answer to three significant digits and do not include units.

Water at a volume flow rate of m3/s enters the nozzle-bend shown that turns the flow 120 degrees.  The inflow area is 0.1 m2 and the outflow area is 0.04 m2.  The flow enters with a gage pressure of kPa and exits to the atmosphere.  Use the density of water as 998 kg/m3 .   Assume turbulent flow having a correction factor of 1.03. a.  Sketch the nozzle bend, show the coordinate system and control volume being used to find the reaction force required to hold the nozzle-bend in place.  Draw and label the reaction force in the correct location and in the assumed direction. b.  Determine the reaction force in the x direction required to hold the nozzle in place.  For full credit, the sign of the force needs to be consistent with the direction label in your sketch. In the box below, enter the reaction force in the x-direction without units. Include three digits in your answer and give the numerical answer in kN.