Renin is secreted by

2. One of the treatments included nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that, when inhaled, causes pulmonary vasodilation. The ideal ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) ratio is 1. Answer the following based on ventilation-perfusion coupling. (Unit 4) a. BEFORE the nitric oxide treatment, when there are pulmonary emboli (blood clots) in blood vessels, what would happen to V/Q (ventilation-perfusion ratio) (INCREASE/DECREASE/NO CHANGE)?  (7 pts)

A PhD student can measure ionic conductance in isolated cardiomyocytes in the electrophysiology laboratory. A goal of the lab is to measure specific effects of cardiac drugs on the initiation and completion of the action potential. The student evaluated several drugs acting on Na+ current (INa), IK, and ICa, and eventually determined the concentrations of drugs necessary to block individual channels contributing to the cardiomyocyte action potential. Currents caused by opening of which of the following channels contribute to the rapid depolarization phase of the action potential of ventricular muscle cells?

In the living body, Ca+ in the ECF and ICF ______.

During exercise, cardiac output is _____, peripheral resistance is _____, and mean arterial blood pressure is _____.

In cardiac muscle, the Ca2+ for contraction comes from __________.

A 59-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of shortness of breath. She states to the attending physicians that she recently sustained a fractured bone and has had slightly elevated blood pressure for several years. A lung scan demonstrates a perfusion defect in the lower right lobe. Which of the following occurs if blood flow to the alveolar units in the region of the perfusion defect is totally obstructed by a pulmonary embolism?

A scientist is performing studies on runners after a 10,000-meter race. She finds that the urine of runners after the race is more concentrated and has reduced volume than before the race. What mechanism contributes to the change in urine concentration and output?

1c. The patient’s condition often causes hemolysis (rupture of red blood cells), which could lead to problems with oxygen delivery.  State why hemolysis would be more of a problem with oxygen delivery than a slight drop in arterial partial pressure of oxygen. (7 pts)

A 18.0 g sample of an unknown metal is heated to 80°C. This heated metal is placed into a calorimeter that contains 65.0 g of water at 20°C. The final temperature of the unknown metal and the water is 23.38°C. The graph below shows the change in temperature of the metal and the water during the course of the reaction.      Answer each of the following. Partial credit may be granted where work is provided. 1) Which substance gains heat, the unknown metal or the water? Explain your answer. 2) How much heat is transferred during this process? Report your final answer in kJ. 3) What is the specific heat capacity of the unknown metal? Report your answer in J/gC.