True or False. All humans have identical microbiomes.

True or False. The “H” and the “N” abbreviations used for naming influenza strains refers to two host cell proteins.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the ways in which eukaryotic mRNA transcripts are processed?

True or False. Bacteria need to splice out introns as part of the maturation process of the RNA molecule.

True or False. Sampling of environmental DNA provides a way to detect invasive species in a river.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which bacterial cells can become resistant to antibiotics?

True or False. Error prone viral RNA polymerase is the major contributor to Antigenic Shift for the influenza virus.

What are the major issues facing humanity regarding antibiotics and bacteria?  Select ALL that apply.

True or False. If you put NON-COMPENTENT bacteria in a test tube with plasmids containing an ampicillin resistance gene, the bacteria will take up the plasmid and will be able to grow on a petri dish with media containing the selective agent ampicillin.

True or False. Antibiotic resistance can occur through DNA recombination events that involve transposable mobile elements.